BIOSENSORS

Biosensors monitor real-time changes in neurochemical concentrations. With Pinnacle's turn-key electronic and software systems, users can record and analyze second-by-second concentration changes (not basal level) of CNS neurochemicals in freely moving animals . Biosensors are commonly used for in vivo monitoring during behavioral and physiological activities. They are also ideal for drug screening and investigating the neuropharmacological effects of different compounds.

BIOSENSOR TYPES

Pinnacle offers glutamate, glucose, lactate, and ethanol biosensors.
All biosensors sold by Pinnacle are for non-human use only.

	In Vivo Lifetime	Limit of Detection180 μm	Limit of Detection 80 μm
GLUTAMATE	36 hours	0.02 - 0.08 μM	0.06 - 0.3 μM
GLUCOSE	96+ hours	1.3 - 4 μM	1.9 - 15.2 μM
LACTATE	96+ hours	0.2 - 0.6 μM	1.4 - 3.5 μM
ETHANOL	6 - 8 hours	0.1 - 0.5 μM	NA

OVERVIEW

80 vs 180

CANNULAS

CALIBRATION

BIOSENSOR DIAGRAM

Pinnacle biosensors function by the enzyme-mediated processing of the analyte of interest. This results in the production of hydrogen peroxide that is then detected by oxidation at a Pt-Ir electrode. Electroactive interferents present in the brain are excluded via a passive selective membrane and through active removal when necessary.

Choosing Between 180 and 80 micron Biosensors

180 μm:

- Robust
- Integrated Ag/AgCl₂ reference
- Compatible with standard cannula systems
- Size is similar to standard microdialysis probes
- Long history of use
- Trusted by Pharma

80 μm:

- Robust
- Integrated Ag/AgCl2 reference
- Compatible with standard cannula systems
- Size is much smaller than standard microdialysis probes
- Higher spatial resolution
- Sensitivity nA/uM is similar to that of the 180 um probes
- Connections and general form are the same as the 180 um probes
- Introduced in 2017

GUIDE CANNULAS

Pinnacle recommends the use of a guide cannula system for optimal results when implanting and recording from sensors in the brain of a freely moving animal. Biosensors are compatible with several guide cannula types. Single-barrel, tri-barrel, and BASi cannluas are available for rats; BASi cannulas are available for mice. Sensors with no cannulas are also available for purchase.

BIOSENSOR CALIBRATION

In order to relate the current changes measured by a biosensor to actual changes in analyte concentration, it is necessary to calibrate the biosensor at the conclusion of an experiment. The process also confirms the integrity and selectivity of the sensors. Pinnacle offers a number of in vitro calibration systems that allow the simultaneous calibration of four to eight biosensors. Select the calibration kit that matches the hardware system and cannula type used in your experimental setup.

CALIBRATION KITS

Product Kit #

Tethered mouse in vitro calibration kit 7000-K1-T

Tethered rat in vitro calibration kit 7000-K2-T-BAS

Wireless rat in vitro calibration kit (BASi cannulas) 7000-K2-W-BAS

Wireless rat in vitro calibration kit (single- and tri-barrel cannulas) 7000-K2-W-P

Biosensor Brochure
Biosensor FAQ

Email or call a Pinnacle representative today at 785.832.8866.

Pinnacle offers a variety of biosensor recording systems for both in vivo and in vitro use. Solutions include wireless rat systems for recording up to three biosensors simultaneously. Tethered systems for mice and rats enable monitoring of two biosensors. In addition, we offer bench-top systems that support a range of studies, including brain slices, in vitro, and anesthetized animal experiments.

Easily add synchronized EEG/EMG recordings to biosensor measurements! Pinnacle's four-channel biopotential system provides tethered solutions for the simultaneous measurement of EEG/EMG waveforms and neurochemical activity in freely moving mice and rats. This powerful combination is perfect for unlocking new findings during sleep, seizure, and behavioral studies.

CALIBRATION KITS
Product		Kit #
Tethered mouse in vitro calibration kit		7000-K1-T
Tethered rat in vitro calibration kit		7000-K2-T-BAS
Wireless rat in vitro calibration kit (BASi cannulas)		7000-K2-W-BAS
Wireless rat in vitro calibration kit (single- and tri-barrel cannulas)		7000-K2-W-P